![]() The sixth edition included information about using en dashes in formatting. Although the sixth edition included examples of spans of years, it did not mention terms of office explicitly. The sixth edition recommends a full span of dates for terms of office, consistent with the treatment of dates of birth and death. The change reflects accessibility considerations and style for numbers in contemporary digital content. The digital edition also recommends using words instead of an en rule to link spans of numbers in some cases. The en dash is spaced so screen readers don’t mistake an unspaced en for a hyphen. The shift from em dash to en dash reflects contemporary writing practice and the new focus on digital content. The sixth edition recommended an unspaced em dash for these purposes. The en dash also signifies an abrupt change. ![]() It recommends using a spaced en dash (as well as commas, colons and brackets) to show additional, amplifying and parenthetical material. The digital edition revises guidance about use of dashes. The deed, signed by -, was legally binding. The 2 em dashes follow a space.Įllipses cannot be used for this purpose, as they show the writer has deliberately left out quoted speech. To show a sudden interruption in quotations and reported speech, use 2 em dashes in a row. Use 2 em dashes for some quoted speech and deliberate omissions in text It can either end or begin a line of text. This will mean you need to force a line break on either side of the dash. This is a typographical concern and interrupts reading flow.Īn unspaced em dash won’t automatically break over a line. The spaced em dash creates too great a gap in text. If you are using em dashes in your content, don’t space them. For example, you might submit a journal article and need to follow the publisher's style, which uses unspaced em dashes. Follow one style: apply it throughout. Spaced en dashes are Australian government style and should be used in digital content.įollow this style convention unless a different style reference applies. Never use both types of dashes for the same purpose. additional, amplifying and parenthetical material.Some styles use unspaced em dashes instead of spaced en dashes.īoth dashes are grammatically correct and can be used to show: Various style guides treat dashes differently. Em dashesĮm dashes are the same width as the font height. Solar, wind, hydro and tidal power – are viable options for renewable energy. Never mix ‘from’ or ‘between’ with an en dash. ‘between’ paired with ‘and’ – for example, ‘between Monday and Friday’.‘from’ paired with ‘to’ – for example, ‘from 57 to 65 years’.Spans and ranges in general textĪvoid using en dashes for spans in body text and headings. You can use en dashes in technical content, particularly if it’s got a lot of specific spans and ranges of numbers. That is why, in general text, it’s better to use phrases for most spans and ranges of numbers. This can affect people’s ability to quickly understand ranges and spans. By default, screen readers won’t generally read out dashes. Use phrases instead of en dashes for most spans and ranges of numbersĮn dashes show a span or range when used with numerals, such as a range of values or a financial year.ĭashes can affect readability unless a user changes default settings (punctuation verbosity settings). In Unicode, this is U+2212.ĭon’t confuse the dash or the minus symbol for a hyphen. To make sure screen readers read the minus sign, use the mathematical symbol for minus. Screen readers will read dashes as dashes, not as the minus sign. Use them as a type of punctuation.ĭon’t use an en dash instead of a minus sign. Use the correct symbols for en dash and minus signĮn dashes are half the width of the font height.
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